What is remineralization and how does it work?

The process of tooth decay causes demineralization or loss of minerals. With the aid of fluorides, minerals can be incorporated back into the lesion through remineralization. Both the demineralization and remineralization processes are continuously ongoing within the tooth. When remineralization overcomes the demineralization process, caries (decay) can actually be reversed and the lesion repaired. The remineralization process also significantly increases the size of the enamel crystals. These larger crystals are more resistant to acid attack than even natural enamel.

These processes are occurring in the tooth subsurface. Unfortunately, dental professionals are unable to detect early subsurface lesions even on the best of radiographs. It is usually not until the lesion has spread into the dentin, the second layer of tooth structure past the outermost enamel, that it becomes radiographically detectable. At the point where a lesion becomes barely detectable, scientists estimate that it has been developing for approximately 36 months.

Therefore, individuals that were once considered "caries-free" should now be recognized and treated with fluorides which will help reverse the undetectable subsurface destruction. Research has shown that low level fluorides (such as contained in dentifrices (toothpastes), rinses, and home fluoride gels) are more effective than high fluoride concentrations from the standpoint of enhancing the remineralization process.

Suggested Source: Silverstone, L.M. Caries and Remineralization. Dent. Hygiene 57 (5): 30-36, May 1983.